Industrial and Technical Education

Scope of industrial education:
Industrial or technical education is the need of the hour. We cannot live without machines or without the people who work them.

Meaning of industrial education:
Industrial or technical education means teaching students and others about machines and techniques. They are taught about the parts of different machines and the ways of working and repairing them. They are also taught about the details of an industry or the working of a factory. Those students who get such education become industrial experts or technicians.

Need of technical education in developing countries:
A developing country needs more industrial experts and technicians. As time passes, we shall have to expand our industry. We shall have to set up more modern factories for making heavy and light machines. These factories will require well-qualified experts. So it is quite wise to start giving proper industrial and technical education even before establishes these factories and industries.
We have to make great progress in industry. At present, we produce machines like electric fans, cycles,Tube-well engines, motor cars, submarines,aero planes and machines for cotton mills. We shall have to set up huge steel mills and different heavy industries for this purpose. If we really do this, developing countries will be industrialized in the real sense. But we need a great number of industrial and technical experts for this purpose.

Need of Technicians:
We need technicians to use machines in agriculture. At present, we use quite a small number of tractors and other machines on our farms. But we may begin using them in a greater number to increase our agricultural production. Factories producing tractors etc. in a country will help that country in working on their farms with machines. But we shall need workshops and repairing shops to keep these machines in running condition. This means that industrial experts and technicians will look after and repair tractors and machines.
Even to keep our present industry good shape we need good technicians. We should educate and train people well in the industrial and technician fields.
In fact the work of a technician is much related to work of a scientist. A scientist may invent new machines or tell new techniques of making things. But the technicians and expert must be there to use those machines and techniques in factories.

How to give technical education:
Students can easily get industrial and technical education after passing the intermediate examination. There should be special industrial or technical colleges for such students. They may get industrial education there for one, two or three years. There should be separate courses for different industries like the cotton industry, the jutte industry, the cycle industry, the tractor industry and so on. After completing their courses, they should be able to get jobs in different factories, workshops, etc. in cities and villages.
We should have a proper number of well-educated and trained industrial experts and technicians. Then we shall be able to use coal, gas, electricity, etc. for better purposes in industries.

Family Planning

Introduction:

Population is increasing at alarming rate in Third World countries. Family Planning is an attempt to harmonize the size of a family according to the means available. It means planning a family in such a way as the number of its members does not increase much.

Family planning is the need of the hour:

In family planning, we try to see whether the income of a family is enough for its needs. We also see whether the house or rooms occupied by the family are enough for its use. If the size of the family is quiet small, we can allow an increase in the number. But if the size of the family is large we suggest a check on its growth.

Some advantages of big families:

There is no doubt some advantages of a large family.

Firstly: 

First of all, the members of such a family can look after anyone who falls ill in the family. They may not have the need of keeping servants. The members of a large family can play some games together in free time. They can discuss different matters of life with one another. They can also advise and help one another in difficulties.

Secondly:

Grown up members of a large family can increase its income by doing work in offices, banks, etc. or through business. They may be able to increase their income with the increase in the size of the family. So they may not feel the need of family planning.

Disadvantages of big families:

Their are some disadvantages of big families.These are given below:

Firstly,generally it is not possible to increase the income of a family with an increase in its size. Then it also becomes difficult for a family to provide additional rooms to its new members. It is very difficult in a thickly populated country to get proper jobs or work.

Family planning or limiting the size of a large family is quite necessary. A large family without enough income lives in great difficulty. Its members cannot have a proper food, clothes or medicines. Its children cannot get proper education in good schools.

In developing countries, family planning is quite useful. The income of such a country is not enough to satisfy a large population. The increase in its income should always be greater than the increase in its population. Family planning can check the growth in population and thus can make the condition of the people better.

Late marriages can reduce the birth rate in the country. The medicines provided to married people by the family planning department for checking births can also check the birth-rate.

Awareness about the need of family planning:

Family planning by the people themselves should be encouraged. For this, the people should be educated well. They should have a greater chance of getting jobs with good salaries or wages. They should have a great number of places for recreation. Then they would be sensible enough to have a lesser number of children.

Efforts to have family planning in the country will not succeed unless the majority of people in city and villages are educated and prosperous. It is the poor and uneducated people who often have highest number of children.

Teaching As A Noble Profession

Introduction:
Teaching is known as a noble profession. It is rightly so. In the past, a teacher was a
man of great learning and knowledge. He was held in great esteem for his freedom of
ideas and independence of judgment.
Aristotle and Socrates were great teachers. A good teacher is example for his students
and build their character.They were held in great esteem by their
pupils and masses. Now- a-days teaching has become a profession of public service. A
teacher does not enjoy freedom of ideas. He is supposed to teach what his employers
want him to teach. The materialism of modern world has also affected the attitude of
the teacher toward his students. However, of all professions, it is still most respectable
profession. A good teacher is still loved and liked by his students.

Why people like teaching:
The profession of teaching is liked and loved for the following reasons.

Good Teacher example for students:
A good teacher influences the mind of his students. He shapes and molds his conduct
and behavior. He inspires him to do acts of nobility and goodness. The old teachers
were respected by their students for their humble. They were
morally very good. A teacher in the modern world should also be charged with moral
spirit and inspire students. He must be a model of excellence for them. He must be a
friend, philosopher and guide to his students. He must build vision of students “to
greatness.” It is under the influence of good teachers that great leaders, statesman and
scholars have born in the world. A good teacher knows the psychology of his students
and moulds his character not by sermons but by suggestive methods.

Teachers are Men of great Knowledge:
The teachers are men of learning and knowledge. They are men of sound judgment.
They are liked by people for their scholarship, wisdom and mature ideas. They have
zest for learning and wise ideas for pupils. A teacher’s job does not end with the class
work. He inspires and guides his students day and night. He teaches the pupils to face
the hardships of life squarely. He teaches them to remain cool and calm in every
situation. He teaches them value of culture. He helps them to become good citizens. He
prepares them for future life.

Now-a-days teaching is a way of earning money:
Teaching is a lucrative profession now-a-days. A teacher teaches the boy for sometime
and leaves his place of teaching after teaching a few hours. He is imbued with material
spirit. He runs after tuitions and tries to make himself well off. This is not wrong to
some extent. Every one has right to make his life materially comfortable. But a teacher
job is different from other members of society. He has to build a nation. He must stay in
the college and school to build and shape the character of his students.

Qualities of a good teacher:
The teaching profession lends dignity and respect to the teachers.  Even in this commercial
society, the teachers are loved and respected by their students. The students who make
progress in different fields of life bow to their teachers respectfully when they visit
their office chamber. They pay full respect to them in their difficulties and hardships.
Modern teacher has no doubt lost his respect and dignity in society owing to his loose
habits. He is not now a man cultured habits. He is not disciplined. His habits are low and
shallow. In order to rebuild his image, a teacher must rise above petty ideas. He must
rise above religious bias, sectarian feelings and narrow mindedness. He must be a man
of lofty ideas.

Importance of English in Modern Age

English is a very old language:
English is an old language. It came into sub-continent. India with English rulers. Since then, the people of the sub-continent have been under the influence of English. English first become popular among Indians. Muslim hates English language in the beginning. It was Sir Syyed Ahmad Khan who urged the Muslims to study English His efforts in this context are Praiseworthy. Under his advice, the Muslims learnt English and began to compete with the Hindus in every field of life. Had they not learnt English, they would have remained backward.

Reasons for importance of English:
The importance of English in the modern world can be studied under the following topics:

International language:
English is an international language. It is spoken and read in almost every country of the world. It has linked various parts of the world and has promoted understanding among people of different countries. Its knowledge is essential for the promotion of international understanding. English is the only language which can foster unity among the people.

Store house of knowledge:
English has become a language of knowledge and learning. All our scientific and technical knowledge is present in this language. It deals with commerce and trade. All our foreign trade is done through this language. The knowledge of medicine, engineering, technology, surgery and military equipment is communicated to us in this language.
The best in poetry, drama and other branches of literature is found in English. No other language of the world gives us standard terminology and symbols in various branches of science and technology. Knowledge of English is compulsory for getting employment at home and abroad. English has played a very important role in our struggle for independence. All the activities in this respect were carried through the medium of English.

We cannot avoid English:
We cannot do away with English. It has its roots very deep in society. It has been an official language more than two centuries. It is used in the working of executive and judiciary. It is taught in schools, colleges and universities. The doctors, engineers, teachers and other educated people use this language for communication of ideas. Educated people have great love for this language. English is very important language.

Harms of illiteracy

Illiteracy is a curse for society:

Illiteracy is a curse for society. It has many disadvantages. An illiterate person is not aware of the cause of his presence in this world.He does not know why God has send him to this world.He does not know anything. He remains unaware of the important happenings in the world. He cannot get knowledge from any book, magazine or internet.

An illiterate person does not know anything:

An illiterate person is unaware of his  rights and duties. He does not understand the law of the country. He remains blind to the political and economic policies. He does not know the value of vote.

Illiterate person cannot make rapid progress:

An illiterate or uneducated person cannot make rapid progress in the world. He cannot get good job in any public or Govt. Office. He cannot run any sop, industry or mill in a decent manner. Most of the illiterate persons remain backward and poor in life.

Advantages of education:

An educated person has many advantages. He understands the purpose of his creation. He is fully acquainted with the greatness of God.

He tries to perform his religious duties in decent manner.

He is fully aware of his rights and duties. He can understand the the policies of governments. He understands and follows the programmes of different political parties. He is fully aware of the importance and value of vote. He elects right and real rulers.

An educated person can get good jobs easily. He takes full part in the economic growth of the country. He can work properly and and in a good and decent manner in offices, factories and shops, or farms and at other places. He is fully equipped to work and manipulate computer.

He can learn advanced technical, industrial and agricultural skills. In this way, he may contribute a lot in the social and economic progress of the country. Keeping in view the advantages of literacy, we must fight with illiteracy. Education must be made compulsory for every man, woman and child.

Govt. should take proper steps to educate masses:

The Govt. should announce a scheme to educate all the illiterate persons. All jobs, private or Govt. should be made open to those who can read and write. Jobs must not be given to illiterate persons. This will make every one read, write and learn. Evening classes should be started at all levels for the illiterate. 

The Govt. should set up separate body which may monitor the functioning of adult education. A huge fund should be allocated for this purpose. The rich people of the country should be urged to contribute money for this. The individuals getting education in this way should be encouraged and supported. They must be offered good jobs in different private and government establishments. They should be issued driving licenses, identity cards and registration of vehicles free of cost. They must be given concession in railway booking etc. Media should be used to highlight the value of learning, writing and reading. To bring a reform society we must have to adopt these rules.

Students & Politics

Introduction:
Nowadays students all over the world are interested in politics. Many of them are fond of taking part in politics. But the first duty of students is to study their books to increase their knowledge. They should attend their classes regularly. They should listen to their teachers attentively in their classrooms. They should discuss their problems in studies with their teachers and other students. If they do so in their schools, colleges or universities they will be good students.

First duty of Students:
After completing their studies at college and at home they may think about politics. They may read newspapers or listen to the radio to learn about the political situation of their country. They may discuss politics with their friend, parents, teachers and others. It is, of course, desirable for students to know the facts about their country’s politics. Students may read the speeches of the country’s rulers or political leaders in newspapers. They may hear them on the radio and television. They can attend discussions on political matters. They can even take part in these discussions. But they should take part in these discussions which are arranged by their college societies or literary organizations. Students having the voting age can vote in elections. They can try to understand the programs of different political parties. But they study should not take part in the activities or disputes of political parties or leaders.
Students should not take so much interest in politics:
It is not good for students to join political processions. If they go with such processions they are no more in a mood to study. They raise slogans or shout at others. They also favor one political party and oppose others. When they return from these processions they cannot study their books for a long time. Thus, much of their precious time is wasted. Students should remain away from political processions as much as possible. Students should also avoid public meetings of political parties. If they attend such meetings they hear the speeches of political leaders. They waste their time for studies. They become emotional while hearing the political speeches. They begin liking some political leaders and hating others. All this has a bad effect upon their minds. So students should not attend public meetings.

Student should not take part in politics:
Students should not take part in active politics. They should never become members of political parties. They should not favor one political party and oppose another. They may only learn the facts of politics. They may try to know the political affairs of their country. It is good for students to learn about the policies of their government. They may know about the political plans of the government. They may know about the foreign policy of the country. They may study the relations of their country with other countries.
Conclusion:
Students may also try to know about international politics. They may try to know about important political events in different countries of the world. They may learn about the policies of different countries. Students may increase their knowledge of politics. But they should not take part in politics. Some politics leaders and political parties use them for their own political motives. It is, therefore pretty essential that students must be vigilant of such opportunists.

Role of Radio & Television

Role of Radio & Television:

Introduction:

Radio and television play important role in modern life. Different kinds of programs are presented on radio and television. Millions of people hear or see them. Radio and television present important programs about national affairs. In these programs, we are told about the activities of our rulers and leaders. The work of different political parties and leaders in national life is discussed. Important events like general elections are described. The policies of the government in the political, economic, educational and other fields are also described. In the way, the people are kept well-informed about national affairs.
Radio/Television discuss national and international affairs:
In same way, radio and television present programs about international affairs. They inform us about the policies of different governments. They discuss the relations of different countries. Thus we come to know about the international situation very well through the radio and television.

Radio and television give us the latest news on national and international affairs. We can listen to the news on radio at different times during day and night. We can see pictures about the news on television and listen to it. Also, we can listen to radio stations of different countries and hear the news in various languages. Radio and television give the criticism and views of learned persons on national and international problems. We can thus hear speeches and discussions of important leaders, writers and scholars.
Radio/Television telecast programs of information and enjoyment:
There are different kinds of programs on radio and television. There are programs which increase our knowledge. For example, speeches and discussions on historical subjects are very useful for us.Discussion on subjects like science subject is very useful as they help students very much. We can also hear about and see the life of the people of our country and those of other countries in different fields like industry, agriculture and education. It is very informative to know about the work in the factories, farms and educational institutions of other countries.The radio/television has many uses. It is very pleasant to hear see programs of entertainment on radio and television. We hear fine songs on radio. We can hear music of our country and that of other countries easily. Good and interesting films can be shown on television. We can watch these films while sitting in our homes. We can also listen or see good dramas on the radio or television. While hearing or seeing such programs we can pass our time very happily.
Radio/Television has great importance in daily life:
Radio and television have great importance for us. They can make us understand through speeches, discussions and talks that we should be united.People can see our national glory films.Radio and television should use every method of bringing the people of different provinces closer.
Conclusion:
We should make the best use of the radio and television for our progress. We should also improve the quality of our radio and television programs. The programs of national interest should be aired.

The Role of Press

Introduction:
The press is the fourth pillar of democracy. The press and nation rise and fall together. The press is double-edged sword. The press brings maturity of thinking and expression of nation. It encourages right and discourages wrong. It plays a very important role in every country. Million of people read newspapers every day. Newspapers in different languages give them the latest news about different matters of life.
Importance of newspaper:
Newspapers tell us much about national politics and national affairs. They publish news about all kinds of political events. For example, we come to know about the changes in the policies of the government by reading newspapers. We learn about the activities and programs of different political parties. We read the speeches and statements of political leaders in newspapers. Newspapers inform us about all kinds of national events. For example, they give details of the visits of foreign rules and ministers to our country. Newspapers describe the floods and storms that came in different parts of the country. They tell us about the business, industry and agriculture of the country. They publish photographs of different happenings. Hence, newspapers keep us informed about our national life.
Duty of a good newspaper:
It is the duty of good newspapers to criticize the bad policies of a government and praise the good ones. They should give their own suggestion to the government. Newspapers should also criticize the harmful activities of political leaders and political parties. Newspapers should be above party politics. They should be able to praise or criticize a party and its program without fear of favor.

Newspaper and international politics:
Newspapers inform us much about international politics. They tell us about important changes in the governments and policies of other countries. They give details of the accords and pacts that different countries make with one another. They also describe the political disputes of different countries. Thus we learn about the relations of different countries. We read about important international events in newspapers. For example, newspapers describe all kinds of wars in the world. Newspapers tell us about important scientific inventions in different parts of world. It tells the news about new weapons of war and updates us about the military situation in the world. Then newspapers publish details about earthquakes, floods, storms or other natural calamities in different countries.
Editorial:
Newspapers write editorial and give their view on international matters. For example, newspapers can describe and criticize the foreign policy of a country. They can publish reports about the work of the UNO (United Nations organization). They can praise it or criticize it. The role of newspapers in a developing country is very important. Most of the people of such a country are ignorant about the realities of politics. Newspapers should tell them about the real policies of different political parties and leaders.
Conclusion:
The press is all prevailing and all embracing. Newspapers in a country like ours can promote national unity. It is the duty of the press to promote impartiality relevancy and neutrality. National morale must be raised through the newspapers. Yellow journalism must be discouraged at all levels.

Life of a Policeman

Introduction:
There are certain animals, birds and insects that live in societies like human beings. They also have the division of labor. But man differs from them many ways. Unlike them, man has established the system of professions. An occupation is the job done to earn a living. Occupations are of many types. Some occupations require manual work and some special skills of proper training. There are different professions and occupations. The job of a policeman is also one of such occupations.
It is a tough job:
The job of policeman is tough because he is responsible to maintain law and order in the society. As such, he is an essential part of our set up. His duty is to help the government. He has to be active and alert. Under the changing conditions, his important is great. In this period of lawlessness, the job of the policeman becomes tougher than ever before.
Policeman's job is a symbol of authority:
The policeman wears a uniform. Most of the time, he is loaded with the gun of ancient times. He is always doubtful about this weapon. He is not sure whether it will work or not when time comes. A smart policeman prefers to have a stick with him. He uses it most effectively when time comes. As his main dealing is with the criminals he uses very rarely polite language.

The place of posting has great importance in the life of a policeman. If he is posted in the police lines, he feels disturbed. Such days are regarded the dark days of his life. If he is posted somewhere far away from his superior officers, he feels quite satisfied. There he finds full opportunity to exercise his authority.
Life of a policeman is hard:
The life of a policeman is very hard. He cannot keep regular hours. He is not sure about the place of his posting. He does not know the time of his return. In this way, he is unable to look after his family properly. The result is that his children cannot get his supervision and do not perform well in life.

Population Explosion

Population is the main source of strength:

Population of a country is one of the sources of its strength. It supplies men for its armed forces, industry, agriculture and other social, economic and political activities. If a country gives proper education and training to its millions of people, they can earn and produce not only for themselves but also for the world at large. The increased production and export of goods can thus make this country rich and strong. But the size of population should be well within the means of the country to support it. Only then a country can make progress.

Increased population resulting many problems:

Rapid population growth poses a serious threat to the economics of poor and developing countries like Pakistan. It has many disadvantages for the economic progress of the country.

First, since the resources of national income are limited, the rapid addition in eating mouths leads to the scarcity of essential commodities. Thus the food problem in developing countries has become chronic in nature. Every year the government has to spend corers of rupees on the import of eatables like wheat, sugar, edible oils etc. Valuable foreign exchange spent on the import of these things can be spent more profitably on the import of machinery and other goods needed for developmental activities.

Unemployment and other problems due to increased population:

It is also responsible for the problem of widespread unemployment and constantly rising prices. The government is finding it difficult to provide the facilities of schools, hospitals, roads, houses etc to ever increasing number of people. If these states affairs continue, it will result in general unrest and political revolution.

Population in developing countries growing at a rapid rate:

The statistical data collected recently shows that the population in developing countries is increasing at a rapid rate. This alarming indeed. There is a great need to have effective check on population growth. Illiterate people and orthodox are the main reason of increasing population. It is not all wise for a poor man to have an unmanageable large family. In this age of new fashions and high price, it is very difficult for large families to have good standard of living. It is desirable that Govt. should take positive steps to control population. 

Pollution

Introduction:

The word “pollution” means the destruction of the purity of atmosphere. The pollution of atmosphere is not a new problem. In the past, this problem did not pose a threat to health of the people. But under modern conditions of life, this problem has assumed an alarming proportion. Every country of the world is faced with this problem. Even America, Britain and Japan are worried about pollution. They are making serious efforts to overcome it. It has posed a serious threat to the life of living species. Our rivers , seas, land and air have become polluted. The animal and other living species cannot survive in the dirty atmosphere.

Factors which pollute environment:

There are many factors which corrupt and pollute the atmosphere.

Firstly:

 First, is the uncontrolled growth of technology and vast industrial production. The mills factories and foundries emit smoke, gases and poisonous fumes and in this way corrupt the atmosphere.

Secondly:

Second, the discharge of the gases and poisonous smoke is infecting rivers, lakes and oceans. The massive use of pesticides corrupts the atmosphere also. Apart from this, the countryside is being affected by the radiation and waste disposal of nuclear power.

Thirdly:

Third, the ever increasing pollution of the world has also contributed to the uncleanliness of the atmosphere.

Fourthly:

Fourth, the automobiles like buses, cars rickshaws etc emit smoke in large quantity and defile the environment.

Fifthly:

Fifth, man has resorted to the game of destroying trees, plants and natural sights in order to fulfill his material needs.

Pollution is a serious problem and Govt. should take effective steps:

Pollution is a serious danger to the health of man, living species, crops and animals. If is is not checked, it would endanger animal and human life. It will cause many ailments to men. This problem has become, more grave for us because we depend too much on waterways. Our crops, our fields and our forests will soon disappear.

Government should take effective steps to improve the quality of atmosphere. All activities which pollute the atmosphere must be curtailed.

Life in a big city

Modern civilization:

A big city is the product of modern civilization. It represents modern civilization with all its charms and vices. Life in a big city is very quick fast and restless. The tempo of life is very high. The people are always in a hurry. There is noise and uproar everywhere. The bazaars and markets bustle with activity. The city streets are crowded with people. There are big shops, stores and super markets in big city. They are always full of customers. People buy and sell things here.

A city offers many facilities and comforts to its inhabitants. The most important aspect of city life is that it has numberless transportation and communication facilities for the citizens. People can move from one place to another without any let or hindrance. They enjoy the facility of phone, telex and newspaper which keep them informed about daily happenings of the world. A city has big trade centers from where people can get all things of their need and comfort.

Numberless opportunities:

A big city offers numberless opportunities of jobs and employment. There are big hospitals and clinics which are equipped with the latest medical facilities. If a person falls ill, he is admitted to the hospital at once. The education facilities in a big city are too many. There are arrangements for the education of the boys and girls in the city schools and colleges.

Poets,thinkers and great scientist:

On the social side, there are theaters, cinemas and entertainments of all kinds. Even the poorest man can enjoy and entertain himself in a big city. The city people are well aware of the latest trends of fashions in clothes, furniture and other household amenities of life.

All types of people live in a big city. Here poets, scholars, men of letters and literary people live. They keep up the cultural tone of the city. They impart education to the ordinary citizen by their speeches and published work.

Increased population and problems related to it:

Life in a big city is not without its shortcomings. The population of a big city goes on increasing unchecked. It creates many problems. The housing problem confronts every citizen. Every big city has its slums. Many storied buildings deprive its residents of fresh and healthy atmosphere. Traffic problem has become a great nuisance for everyone in the city. Road accidents are daily happenings in every big city. The atmosphere of a big city is polluted. Mills and factories are emitting smoke every time. The prices of things of daily use are very high. Pure food is not easily available due to high cost of living. Everybody has to work very hard day and night. Hard work tells upon the health of city people.

Restless and worried life:

The people in a big lead a restless and worried life. There is a kind of strangeness in big cities. People do not know their neighbors fully well. In spite of all its shortcomings, people still like to live in cities. The city has to offer them more charms.

Science:Friend or Foe

Science:Friend or Foe

Introduction:

We are living in a scientific age. Every country is trying to make as much scientific progress as possible. Science has been used for many good purposes. For example, we can use electricity and different kinds of gases because of scientific progress. All kinds of machines that we use in home and in factories and at other places are the result of science.
Good uses of science:
There are many scientific inventions we use now. For example, the radio, television, telephone, mobile phone, computer, laptop, internet, motor car, railway engine and aircraft are some of the most important scientific inventions. We can hear the voice of persons speaking thousands of miles away on radio. We can talk to others anywhere in the country and outside the country on mobile phone and telephone. The motor car, railway engine and airliner have made travelling very quick and easy. Science and scientists have made our life what it is. There has been tremendous development in health matters. We have many new medicines for our diseases. There are injections which cure some of our diseases very quickly. Surgery has also made great progress. Operations of the heart and brain are possible now. All this medical and surgical progress is due to modern science. In agriculture, we have new machines like tractors which help us in sowing and reaping our crops easily and quickly. There are very useful salts and fertilizers which make our lands very fertile. There are hybridized seeds that increase the production of crops. Insecticide, pesticide and other sprays crops are indebted to science. The production of our food increases much due to the use of science. Hence, science has benefited society much.

Bad uses of science:
science has also been used for bad purposes. It has been use to harm society in a number of ways. Scientists have prepared destructive weapons of war. For example, machine-guns and huge guns can kill thousands of persons in a few minutes. There are tanks and fast-moving vehicles which can bring great destruction to human beings. The bomber planes move very fast and drop bombs on city and village during war. All this means that scientists have made war very destructive. The worst use of science was made in the 20th century when the atom bomb was made. This bomb was dropped on two cities of Japan, Hiroshima and Nagasaki in the Second World War. The two cities were completely destroyed and thousands of human beings were killed. Afterwards scientists prepared the hydrogen bomb which is even more dangerous. Politicians in different countries ask scientists to prepare more horrible weapons and bombs. Such practices are to stigmatize the uses of science.

Conclusion:
Scientists should try to invent those things only which benefit human beings anywhere in the world. Science has taught us how to do our work exactly with the help of machines. We use scientific methods without prejudice for others. So science teaches us to live without prejudice in society. Space travel has become possible with the help of science. Man has visited the moon. He may be visiting other planets. So science has made impossible things quite possible. Let all the countries of the world decide to live in peace. The scientists of different countries should use science for the progress of mankind. They should pledge to use science in sensible way.

Life of a Doctor

Life of a Doctor

Introduction:
Man is a social and rational animal. He likes to live in the company of human being but lives rationally. In social life, we have the division of labor. Different groups perform duties. This is why human society has professions and occupations. People choose different jobs according to their temperature and skills. The job of a doctor is one of them.
Doctoring is a noble profession:
The profession of a doctor is a noble and paying. A doctor is an essential part of our society. He helps us in maintaining our health properly. In return, he charges fee. The nobility of the profession has its own demands. A doctor should give importance to the patient than to his fees. The life of a doctor is always demanding patience. He gets up early in the morning and goes out for a walk. He acts upon the basic principles of healthy life. After having his breakfast, he goes to hospital. He examines his patients at outdoor ward and writes prescriptions.
Doctor has a tough life:
Doctor’s hours are fixed. When it is time to have the round of the ward, he goes in. the patients who need long treatment under the supervision of doctors are admitted to these wards. It is the duty of a doctor to visit them regularly and note whether they are improving or not. Sometimes, he has to deal with emergencies as well. In this case, he remains alert all the time. He does whatever is possible with the patient. After these laborious hours, he returns home. There he takes rest for a few hours.

Doctor has no social life:
In the evening, he goes to his clinic or to some private hospital. In fact, his pay is not enough to meet the daily necessities of life. So, private practice is necessary for him. When he privately examines the patient he charges handsome fees. Here once again he has a long queue of patients. He attends them whole-heartedly because they are source of his financial back up.
Conclusion:
With the changing times, the life of doctor has also undergone a change. Some of the doctors have toll claims of serving the suffering humanity, but they intensify their sufferings. Generally speaking, they are quacks who set their agents to trap patients for them. Such doctors work in the form of team. In this way, they protect their interest. They are butchers. They play with the lives of helpless patients for material gains. They are few in number but they defame the noble profession of doctors.